She Said, He Said: Sex Differences in Hyperparathyroidism Presentations and Outcomes

The molecular mechanisms behind sex differences in some bone diseases and disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism are sometimes not obvious, and may be related to hormones, genetic factors, or both. Sexually dimorphic diseases including male osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, and X-linked hypophosphataemia will be discussed in this symposium, focusing on specificities in their pathogenesis and treatment outcomes.